THE OHIO VALLEY-GREAT LAKES ETHNOHISTORY ARCHIVES: THE MIAMI COLLECTION
It is noted that the following work from the Miami Archives should be read and
considered within the historical context in which it was composed and printed.
The opinions expressed and the language used do not reflect the opinions or
standards of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, but are, rather,
indicative of thought in that historical moment during which the document was
published.
| pp. | 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, | |
| 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. |
nee)111 and 1826 (Kee, wan, a)112 list this individual. In the 1827 census, Tipton records a "kee waw nee" with a village or band of 29.113 In the list of those to whom provisions were issued at the council in 1828, Tipton records a "Ke-way-nay" on August 4, and a "Kee-wau-nay" on August 5, as the leader of a group of 30 whose home was on Eel River.114 The following month, however, the payroll of Sept. 6-8 records "Kee.waw.nay" with a following of 29 as on the Tippecanoe River.115 Tipton's 1829 payroll lists "Kee-waw-nay" as being at Wymego's Town with 25 persons.116 The location of Wymego's (Wimeko) village has been previously stated as being on the north bank of Indian Creek, a tributary of the Tippecanoe River. Although previously on the drainage of the Tippecanoe, it is about midway between the main streams of the Tippecanoe and the Eel Rivers, which may account for the discrepancy in locations indicated above. There is no instance of a duplication in the name on a single record which would suggest that there may be two persons designated Kewaune.
Washeone- This name is spelled "Wa che o ne" on Tipton's 1826 annuity
list117
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111. Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi: Annuity Receipt, Oct. 24, 1825. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 595-96.
112. Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi to Tipton: Annuity Receipt, Oct. 16, 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 597-98.
113. Tipton: Census of Potawatomi Indians, 1827. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 833-34.
114. Abstract of Provisions Issued to the Potawatomi, Aug. 2-6, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 74-76.
115. Tipton: Pay Roll of Potawatomi Indians, Sept. 6-8, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 103-5.
116. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi, 1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-236.
117. Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi to Tipton:
Annuity Receipt, Oct. 18, 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 597-98.
and "Wee-che ones" on his 1827 census.118 The 1828 payroll (Wah.she.o.nas) gives his location as Crooked Creek with a following of 39 persons.119 The council of Aug. 2-6, 1828 lists "Wa-she-o-nas" on the 4th and "Weeshe-o-nas" on the 5th, with the location given as the Wabash.120 The 1829 payroll, however, gives "Wah-she-o-nas" with a location on the Eel River and a following of 26 persons,121 Article II of the Treaty of Oct. 27, 1832 reserved "for the band of Ash-kum and Wee-si-o-nas, 16 sections to include their village" (Royce 224) (7 Stat. 399.) Royce 224 is located on the north side of Eel River, whereas the other location data would suggest a position between the Eel and Wabash Rivers unless a northward movement for the group is indicated.122 In any event, the territory is that of the Wabash band.
Chechaukkose- The name is spelled "Cho, kaw, kose" on the ration list
prepared at the time of this treaty session.123
On the list of provisions issued Aug. 2-6, 1828, Che-chaw-kose is listed as
residing on the Eel River.124 The location is
also the Eel River on Tipton's 1828 payroll where the number of
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118. Tipton: Census of Potawatomi Indians, 1827. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 833-34.
119. Tipton: Pay Roll of Potawatomi Indians. Sept. 6-8, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 103-5.
120. Abstract of Provisions Issued to the Potawatomi, Aug. 2-6, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 74-76.
121. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi, 1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-236.
122. Royce, Indiana Land Cessions ...., Plate CXXVI.
123. Tipton: Memorandum of Indians Drawing Rations, Oct., 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 614-18.
124. Abstract of Provisions Issued to the
Potawatomi, Aug. 2-6, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 74- 76.
followers is listed as 35.125 On the 1829 payroll, Tipton lists his location as the Tippecanoe with a following of 46 persons.126 The Treaty of Oct. 27, 1832 reserved in Article 11 "for the band of Cho-Chaw-kose ten sections to include his village" (Royce 208)127 (7 Stat. 399.) While Royce 208 is on the Tippecanoe River, the situation reflects a similar trend to that suggested in connection with the location of Washeone and the territory is that of the Wabash band.
Pierish- In the St. Mary's Treaty of Oct. 2, 1818 a provision stated
that "there shall be granted to Perig, a Pattawatamie chief, one section of
land on the Flint river, where he now lives" (7 Stat. 185). Two items in Article
3 of the Treaty of Chicago, Aug. 29, 1821 also cast light on his identity:
To Pierre Moran, or Peeresh, a Pattawatamie chief, one section of land, and to his children two sections of land, at the mouth of the Elkhart River.The section of land granted by the treaty of St. Mary's in 1818, to Peerish or Perig, shall be granted to Jean B. Cicot, son of Psayquot, sister of the said Peerish, it have been so intended at the execution of the said treaty. (7 Stat. 218.)
An order from Joseph Holman to Hugh Hanna on June 6, 1827 authorizing the
construction of a coffin for the father of We Saw, "Called Perish a Pot Chief,"
informs us of his death.128 In 1829, Sa-po-tee was listed as residing in Pierrish's
old village on Eel River129 which serves to place Pierish's latest
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125. Tipton: Pay Roll of Potawatomi Indians, Sept. 6- 8, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 103-5.
126. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi, 1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-46.
127. Royce, Indian Land Cessions ...., Plate CXXVII.
128. Joseph Holman to Hugh Hanna: Order, June 6, 1827. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, p. 728.
129. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi,
1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-36.
residence and the one involved at the time of the 1826 treaty. A note appended to the Treaty of Sept. 20, 1828 places the reservation of Pe. Langlois' wife on the north side of Eel river, between Peerish's village and Louison's reservation (7 Stat. 320.) substantiating this location.
Penashshees- In John Tipton's memorandum enumerating the chiefs who drew
rations for their followers at the 1826 Wabash Treaty proceedings, his name
in given as "Pe, nash, she"130 In the 1829 payroll
of the Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi, payment was listed under one number, presumably
implying that this was a single village, to Waw-wee-aw-kis-see (Muck-see's brother)
who was chief of a group of 22 persons, and to Pe-nah-she as chief of a group
of 30 persons.131 The location for both is given
as "Grove." The next following name on this list is that of Mosawk whose location
is also given as "Grove." Since Mosawk's location is given by the 1828 payroll
as Metea's village132 (See discussion of Metea,
where location is given as the St. Joseph branch of the Maumee River), we would
conclude that Penashshees had a similar location.
Louison- This person was previously discussed in connection with the
St. Joseph Band where it was indicated that two persons bore this name. One
Louison was on Eel River and thus would be placed in the Wabash Band.
Mukkose- This person was also previously discussed in connection with
the St. Joseph Band and a second Mukkose was located on the Tippecanoe, thus
suggesting affiliation with the Wabash Band.
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130. Tipton: Memorandum of Indians Drawing Rations, Oct. 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 614-18.
131. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi, 1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-36.
132. Tipton: Pay Roll of Potawatomi Indians,
Sept. 6-8, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 103-5.
Makasees-
Naquoquet- On November 5, 1823, Metea and Toisoe fixed their signatures
to a certificate of indebtedness to Thomas Robb, authorizing to him payments
from their annual annuities.132A In addition to the signatures of Metea and Toisoe
(both of whom were identified as members of the Wabash Band), there appear the
signatures of four additional Indians: Noqua shet, Manke see, Pa mah pah to,
Mo.Sock, and Show pa tee. The last individual has also been identified as a
member of the Wabash Band. Since those signing this signature are likely to
have been close neighbors, if not resident in the same village, we conclude
that they all are members of the Wabash Band. The divergence in spelling is
paralleled in the transcription of all of the names on this document (Toisoe
- Twazie; Meteay - Metea; Showpatee - Shaupatee). Mo.Sock (Mo-sack) is subsequently
discussed in connection with the Treaty of Sept. 20, 1828 as a member of the
Wabash Band.
3. Signers from the Prairie and Kankakee Band:
The difficulty in differentiating between the eastern members of the Kankakee Band and those of the St. Joseph Band has been previously discussed. A similar problem also arises in connection with the western limits, but for the purpose of this analysis those individuals of westerly location in the State of Illinois who acted in concert with the Kankakee group of Indians are regarded as having indicated an affiliation with this loosely defined band.
Nowikasto- Despite a lack of consistency in transcription, we may identify
this person with "Ne, wauk, ca to" who in Tipton's 1827 census resided on Yellow
River with 73 followers.133 On the Aug. 2-6,
1828 provision list, he appears on Aug. 4 as "No-waw-ko-to" and on Aug. 5 as
"No-wauk-ko-to," again being placed on
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132A. Metea, and Toisa to Thomas Robb: Certificate of Indebtedness, November 15, 1823. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 325-328.
133. Tipton: Census of Potawatomi Indians,
1827. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 833-34.
Yellow River.134 On the Tipton 1828 payroll, "No.ah.ko.to" with 71 followers is listed as residing on Yellow Creek.135 Yellow River is a southern tributary of the Kankakee River.
Pashpo- This individual signed Tipton's annuity receipts in 1824,136
1825,137 and 1826.138 and
also drew rations for a band of 13 at the Treaty of Oct. 16, 1826.139 Tipton's 1827 Potawatomi census lists Pashpoo
with a tabulation of "home 56 & here 38". 140 Twenty-one of his group were present at the council
of Aug. 2-6, 1828 and his home was listed as the Yellow River on Tipton's provision
list.141 Further confirmation of the location on Yellow
River is provided by Tipton's memorandum for Moses H. Scott which instructs
him to send Harrison Barnett "to posh pos village on Yellow river" to aid in
farming and also to "induce pash po to go as far west with his field as good
land can be had."142 Pashpo's death may have taken place around this
time since the 1829 Tipton payroll lists Waw-pee-ash-cuck, Pashpo's son as being
on Yellow River with 24 per-
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134. Abstract of Provisions Issued to the Potawatomi, Aug. 2-6, Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 74-76.
135. Tipton: Pay Roll of Potawatomi Indians, Sept. 6-8, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 103-6.
136. Potawatomi Indians: Annuity Receipt, Sept. 18, 1824. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 392-394.
137. Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi: Annuity Receipt, Oct. 24, 1825. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 505-6.
138. Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi to Tipton: Annuity Receipt, Oct. 18, 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 597-98.
139. Tipton: Memorandum of Indians Drawing Rations, October, 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 614-618.
140. Tipton: Census of Potawatomi Indians, 1827. Ind. Hist. Coll., pp. 833-34.
141. Abstract of Provisions Issued to the Potawatomi, Aug. 2-6, 1828, pp. 74-76.
142. Tipton: Memorandum for Moses H. Scott,
May, 1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., pp. 169-170. 169-170.
sons and also Pam-bo-go who is located at Pash-po's village with 30 persons.143 Pashpo himself is not listed on this payroll. The "Pash.po.ho" listed on Tipton's 1829 payroll as residing on Yellow River with 65 followers is probably the same individual.144
Pecheco- In 1821 the Reverend Isaac McCoy visited the village of Menominee,
a Potawatomi Indian prophet and religious leader. During this visit, a messenger
was sent to a neighboring village so that Pcheeko, the principal chief of this
group, and his people, might hear what McCoy had to say.145 Menominee's village, at least in 1829, was located
on the Yellow River and not too far from the present Plymouth in Marshall County.146
In a census list prepared by Alexander Wolcott on March 30, 1825 the "village
of P'tchee-ho" was listed as having a population of 97 and located on the Kankakee.147 In this same agent's annuity payments in 1826
and 1827, Ptchee-ko is listed as having 91 and 93 persons respectively in the
village of Chee-chawk-o-ta-ton-uk located at Terre Coupee.148
The locations listed are contradictory or indicate a movement on the part of
the group. We have previously placed residents of Terre Coupee with the St.
Joseph
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143. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi, 1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-36.
144. Tipton: Pay Roll of Potawatomi Indians, Sept. 6-8, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 103-5.
145. McCoy, History of the Baptist Missions, pp. 102-103.
146. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi, 1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-36.
147. Wolcott, A List of Villages ...., 1825.
148. A. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1827.
A. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs
...., 1826.
Band because of the proximity to the St. Joseph River. However, the headwaters of the Kankakee, also reach into this area which could explain the alternative listing of location as the Kankakee. Despite this, it does not seem possible for a village to be both near Menominee and also the Terre Coupee if these both represent permanent summer villages. It seems likely that a northward movement of the group is indicated, with the initial affiliation being with the Kankakee group.
Menominie- His location was discussed above in connection with the village
location of Pecheco. The location was mapped by Royce.149
Meeheketeno- Wolcott's 1826 annuity list gives a "Meh- shee-no-tenow"
living in the village of Ah-quaw-aui-awgh containing 40 persons on the Kankakee.150 The spelling is corrected in his 1827 list to
"Meh-shee-kee-ten-o" with 47 in the village of Ah-quaw-qui-awk on the Kankakee.151
In Tipton's provision "List for those attending the Oct. 16, 1826 treaty proceedings,
the name is spelled Me, she, ke, no152 which is comparable to the spelling of Me-she-ken-ho
at the Treaty of Sept. 20, 1828. (7 Stat. 319.) Hodge gives a more specific
location for the village, indicating that it was a short distance above the
present city of Kankakee in northeastern Illinois.153
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149. Royce, Indian Land Cessions ...., plates CXXVI and CXXVII.
150. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1826.
151. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1827.
152. Tipton: Memorandum of Indians Drawing Rations, October, 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, 614-16.
153. Hodge, Handbook ...., Vol. I, p. 847.
Kaukaukshee- This individual may be the "Kaw-gaw-geh-shee" listed on Wolcott's annuity lists of 1826 in which he is indicated as having 82 in his village, Ay-waw-guh-saigk, located on the Fox River of Illinois.154 The village had 90 individuals in 1827, and the name is spelled "Kaw-gaw-guh-shee."155 The identification is a provisional one.
Maunis- In Tipton's ration list for those attending this treaty, the
name is spelled "Mo, nease"156. Such a spelling
is more in agreement with the signature (Mo-nis) on the Treaty of Oct. 27, 1832.
(7 Stat. 400.) In Tipton's 1827 census "mo nese" is listed as having 47 in his
village or band and located at "Tayse, eh, non"157.
Tayse, eh, non (Tassinong, Tay-say-eh-nong) was a village and trading post on
the Kankakee River.158
Shaquinon- Wolcott's annuity list of 1826 contains a "Sha-qui-naw" who
resided in a village of 90 named "Meh-tug-waw-baw-ko-keenk" on the Riviere des
Plain.159 Whether Sha-qui-naw remained on the
Des Plaines River of Illinois in subsequent years cannot be determined since
he does not appear on the 1827 annuity list.
Waubonsa- In Tipton's ration list for this treaty, the name is given
as Waw ban, see.160 Tipton's 1828 payroll locates
"Wau.pawn.say" "between Kinkiki
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154. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1826.
155. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1827.
156. Tipton: Memorandum of Indians Drawing Rations, October, 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 614618.
157. Tipton: Census of Potawatomi Indians, 1827. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 833-34.
158. Letter of Alexander Wolcott, Jr. to John Tipton, dated November 19, 1824. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 409-11.
159. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1826.
160. Tipton: Memorandum of Indians Drawing
Rations, October, 1826. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 614-18.
& River aux plains" with 18 persons in his group. 161 Wau bon eh see received "five sections of land at the Grand Bois on the Fox River of the Illinois where Shaytee's village" then stood, according to the Treaty of July 29, 1829. (7 Stat. 321). Wabansee's village "on the Illinois River above the mouth of the Fox" had a population of 103 in 1830.162 His village was on the Fox River, at about the present Aurora, Illinois, when Juliette Kinzie and her husband passed through it on March 15, 1831.163 Henry W. Blodgett, whose family settled on the Du Page River in 1831, gives the same location for the village in 1832.164 Thus although between 1826 and 1829 Waubonsa was active in the affairs of the Wabash Band, he was primarily oriented toward the Illinois Potawatomi among whom he had kinsmen, since Black Partridge is identified as his brother.
Wasaushuck- Probably the Was-aish-kuk who is placed by Wolcott in 1826
on the Riviere des Iroquois165 and in 1827 on
the Kankakee.166 His name appears on the Treaty
of Sept. 20, 1828 as Wa-shais-skuck. (7 Stat. 319.)
No-ne- Wolcott's annuity list of 1826 indicates that No-nee is from the
Riviere des Iroquois.167 His 1827 annuity list,
however, gives the location as the Kankakee.168
In 1829 he appeared on the Tipton payroll with a band of 45 persons but no location
is given.169
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161. Tipton: Pay Roll of Potawatomi Indians, September 6-8, 1828. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 103-5.
162. P. Menard, Jr., to W. Clark, Nov. 12, 1830.
163. J. Kinzie, Wau-bun, pp. 133-134.
164. H. W. Blodgett to Augustus H. Burley, Jan. 23, 1893, p. 4.
165. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1826.
166. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1827.
167. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1826.
168. Wolcott, A List of Chiefs ...., 1827.
169. Pay Roll, Wabash and Elkhart Potawatomi,
1829. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXV, pp. 234-36.
Kaukaamake- This person may be the "Cawkamag" mentioned in a letter
of Francis Barrow, an Indian student at the Carey School, who describes him
as going to "Pechecos town" with Barrow's horse.170
If his affiliation is with Pecheco, previously discussed, we would place him
in the Kankakee Band.
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170. Letter of Francis Barrow to John Tipton,
dated Jan. 25, 1827. Ind. Hist. Coll., XXIV, pp. 644-45.