GO TO: Bundy-Voyles Material Remains [Sherds] [StoneTools]

Because of the excellent bone preservation at the Bundy-Voyles site, following is an annotated list of bone and antler tools that were recovered (accession number 9150). It is not exhaustive, however, since all the faunal remains have not been analyzed, and more small or fragmentary tools may be identified. (For examples of bone tools, see Plate 3.4b.)

Beamers (N=9)

No. 2150. Manufactured from a deer metatarsal. This specimen is broken, so that only the distal portion of the bone remains. Modification consists of a large longitudinal groove into the marrow cavity on the dorsal, or posterior, surface. No. 2091. Manufactured from a left deer metatarsal. This specimen is broken, so that only the proximal portion of the bone remains. Modification consists of a large longitudinal groove into the marrow cavity on the dorsal, or posterior, surface.

No. 3225. Manufactured from a deer metatarsal. This specimen is broken, so that only the distal shaft of the bone remains. Modification consists of a large longitudinal groove into the marrow cavity on the dorsal, or posterior, surface.

No. 3225. This specimen is only a small shaft fragment. Based on its identification as a beamer, it is probably a metapodial; however, identification cannot be done from bone morphology.

No. 3160. Manufactured from a deer metatarsal. This specimen is broken so that only the distal shaft of the bone remains. Modification consists of a large longitudinal groove into the marrow cavity on the dorsal, or posterior, surface. There is also slight charring on the distal articular surfaces.

No. 3160. This specimen is only a small fragment, but appears to be a deer metatarsal and, like the other beamers, worked on the dorsal surface.

No. 2503. Manufactured from a left deer metatarsal. This specimen is broken, so that only the proximal portion of the bone remains. Modification consists of a large longitudinal groove into the marrow cavity on the dorsal, or posterior, surface.

No. 1488. Manufactured from a right deer metatarsal. This specimen is nearly complete. Modification consists of a large longitudinal groove into the marrow cavity on the dorsal, or posterior, surface.

No. 2232. (Awl?) This is a possible beamer fragment. If so, it may have been reworked into another tool type such as an awl. It consists of the posterior lateral portion or the proximal end of a right metatarsal. Unlike other beamer fragments, this specimen has been identified as elk (Cervus elephus) rather than deer. Most of the surface modification is grinding and scraping of the ventral/anterior bone surface.

Awls (N=2)

No. 2502. Manufactured from a splinter of deer pelvis, including portions of the ilium and ischium, this specimen only exhibits minor grinding modification to its original shape.

No. 2799. Manufactured from a long bone shaft fragment (possibly a metapodial) of a very large mammal, this specimen is a sharpened splinter. Again, grinding only occurs at the tip where it would be required functionally. This specimen does not join with 2232, though they are similar in appearance.

Pins (N=1)

No. 3223. Manufactured from a long bone shaft fragment, this specimen is ground and polished over its entire original surface. Both of the original ends are broken off, but, based on curvature, the tip and base directionality is discernible. There is no possibility of species identification due to the extent of modification, though it would have to be a large to very large mammal, based on the texture and size of the bone. There is some very slight charring toward the tip end.

Scores or Snaps (N=11)

No. 3161. Manufactured from the right humerus of a bobcat (Lynx rufus) this distal portion of the shaft would be manufacturing waste. Since the cut was designed to remove the portion of the shaft that was roughly circular in cross section, this may have been the result of manufacturing a bone tube or bone beads.

No. 3224. Manufactured from a raccoon (Procyon lotor) baculum, it is difficult to tell if this portion of the shaft is part of the final product or manufacturing waste. There is no modification other than the score and snap.

No. 3224. This is a scored fragment of a bird long bone shaft. It is calcined.

No. 3224. This is a scored fragment of deer antler. It is also calcined.

No. 3224. This is a deer antler fragment that exhibits multiple scores. Three closely spaced (0.5 cm) parallel scores extend approximately .5 cm in from the broken end. This specimen is of indeterminate function and is placed with scored bone.

No. 2546. This specimen consists of the proximal shaft of a deer rib. This portion of the shaft is roughly square in cross section. There are two scores on opposite sides (interior-exterior). The general appearance is that the intent was to remove a section of the rib 3.0 cm in length; however, it did not snap correctly and was discarded.

No. 3167. Manufactured from a long bone shaft fragment of a medium-sized mammal. This specimen exhibits extensive scraping and polishing on the exterior surface, as well as a shallow score perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. This specimen is charred over most of its surface.

No. 2741. This fragment of antler has been scored and snapped in two directions. The combination of a cut across the tine and several lengthwise scores creates a fragment that is rectangular in cross section and has a flat base. The other end is rough, and the entire surface is unfinished. This short portion was probably manufacturing debris.

No. 1677. This specimen is a scored antler fragment.

No. 2197. This specimen is a scored antler fragment.

No. 2803. This specimen is a fairly large fragment of scored antler. It consists of a portion of an antler fork where the main beam is roughly broken off; both of the upper branches are scored and snapped. This appears to be manufacturing debris.

Antler Points (N=5)

No. 2897. This specimen appears to have been discarded at an early phase of manufacture. It consists of the tip of an antler tine, on which the basal termination is ground flat with a "starter" drill hole in the center.

No. 3163. This is a basal fragment of an antler projectile point. There are extremely clear drill marks on the interior and scrape marks on the exterior. The specimen is calcined.

No. 2545. This is a nearly complete specimen of a finished antler projectile point. It has a drilled socket, triangular in cross section, and a flat base. Based on comparison to the fragments, this is probably the most complete representative of the typical antler point at the site.

No. 3222. This is the tip of an antler projectile point. A portion of the drill hole is evident on the interior, though moderate weathering of the entire surface makes it difficult to see tool marks on any of the worked surfaces.

No. 2196. (Bone tube?) This specimen may be manufactured from either bone or antler. It is charred, and textural differences are obscured on the surfaces of the artifact. This specimen is only a small fragment, from either the base of a point or the edge of a ring. Unlike any of the antler points previously discussed, this specimen thickens toward the base; all the others described get thinner at the base. Thus the form of the artifact is more closely allied to bone rings. Many of the bone rings from the Angel site thicken toward their edges.

Chisels (N=1)

No. 4105. Manufactured from the beam portion of an antler, this artifact appears morphologically to be the bit fragment of a chisel or gouge. It is scraped and ground on the interior (cancellous) portion, so that the hardest and most durable exterior of the antler forms a bevelled cutting edge.

Beads (N=1)

No. 2869. (Inlay?) Manufactured from a fragment of beaver incisor, this artifact is of indeterminant function but is probably decorative in nature. A rectangular section of beaver incisor has the enamel surface intact, but the dentin at the back has been ground well into the root canal to create a [-shaped horizontal cross section and a D-shaped vertical cross section.