Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology

[See acknowledgements] [See notice]

AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF
LATE PREHISTORIC SUBSISTENCE-SETTLEMENT DIVERSITY
IN CENTRAL INDIANA

by

Robert G. McCullough
Department of Anthropology
Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

and

Timothy M. Wright
Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology
Indiana University

with contributions by

Leslie L. Bush

and

Rexford C. Garniewicz

Indiana University
Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology
Research Reports, No. 18

March 1997

You would say it had rained arrowheads for they lie all over the surface of America. They lie in the meeting house cellar, and they lie in the distant cowpasture....It is humanity inscribed on the face of the earth. It is a footprint-- rather a mindprint--left everywhere....They are not fossil bones, but, as it were, fossil thoughts forever reminding me of the mind that shaped them.

Henry David Thoreau

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This project has been funded in part by a Department of Interior grant administered by the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology (DHPA), Indiana Department of Natural Resources (#10070-15). Additional support in the form of matching funds and in-kind services were provided by Indiana University and the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology (GBL). The excavations at 12 Jo 5 were funded by Indiana University Department of Anthropology and the GBL, the DHPA, and the contractor, Sentry Homes/Eclipse Development Corp. Funds for the excavation at 12 Mg 1 were provided by the Indiana University Department of Anthropology and the GBL; funds for analysis were provided by the GBL and DHPA. The Archaeological Society of Indianapolis, Inc., also graciously supported this research.

The authors express their thanks and appreciation to the following individuals who provided aid and assistance to this project.

Personnel at the Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, especially James Mohow, James R. Jones III, and Sally Dickson, helped in countless ways, from providing advice to expediting permits. Dr. Christopher Peebles (Director) generously provided the use of the facilities and archives of the Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology. Noel Justice (Curator of Collections, GBL) provided advice and curation and bent his own schedule to accommodate the needs of this project. Minnie Heady (Administrative Assistant, GBL) kept track of assorted budget lines, schedules, and deadlines with her usual efficiency, patience, and good humor. Brian Redmond (Curator of Archaeology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History) visited sites on his vacation time and provided invaluable advice throughout. Stephen Ball (Research Fellow, GBL) directed the 1995 Indiana University field school and conducted the magnetic survey of 12 Mg 1. Tim Wright (junior author and Research Assistant, GBL) wrote the lithic sections for three sites and the survey of 12 H 6 and was responsible for completing the site forms and records; Leslie Bush (Research Fellow, GBL) contributed Appendix 2; Rex Garniewicz (Research Fellow, GBL) provided Appendix 3 and bone and antler identifications for the three sites. Numerous individuals created the tables and figures: Laura Pate, ceramic profiles and tables; Jeff Brown, SURFER maps; Kevin Crouch and Nancy Hendricks, a map of previously identified features at 12 Jo 5.

Late one evening Eric Sipes was promised his own paragraph in the acknowledgments, if he finished the AutoCAD production of figures by deadline and got the plotter to work. His persistence and dedication deserve more.

The surveys and excavations were dependent on the hard work and enthusiasm of many people. 1995 field school students were: Tadewos Assebework, Leiellen Atz, Nathan Bowden, Angela Duckwall, Robert Green, Andrew Hatfield, Gregory Hawkins, Lara Homsey, Erin Janis, Aaron Johnson, Nora Lipke, David Marciniak, Christopher Mervar, Joshua Moline, Jessica Murer, Abraham Navarro, Laura Pate, Karen Plikuhn, Sukyong Rhee, Brian Ross, Stephen Singleton, Lois Sprague, Cynthia Stout, Joy Templeton, and Benjamin Tryon.

Volunteer hours were crucial to the success of these investigations. The following 1995 field school alumni returned as volunteers and deserve to be thanked again: Angela Duckwall, Robert Green, Lois Sprague, Leiellen Atz, Josh Moline, and Stephen Singleton. Members of the Indiana University Anthropology Club and the Archaeology Society of Indianapolis, Inc., as well as those simply interested in the project, gave generously of their time: Bridget Benz, Valley Blevins, Leslie Bush, Kevin Crouch, Todd Ferry, Ginny Foutty, Rex Garniewicz, Lee Gernon, Mark Adam Gilmore, Candy Hrpcha, Jerry Hudson, Jon Hunsberger, Jeff McCormick, Jim Buhler, Courtney McCullough, Becky McKibben, Keith Moyse, Michelle Qualley, Jessica Satkoski, Dan Selo, Linda Shields, Judy Shimek, Susie Spencer, and Alicia Wright. The following crew members also deserve to be thanked, for they gave back far more in dedication and time than they were paid: Leiellen Atz, Nathan Bowden, Todd Ferry, Devin Fishel, Rex Garniewicz, Chad Harvey, Aaron Johnson, David Marciniak, Josh Moline, Jessica Murer, Jon Norris, Laura Pate, Amanda Roth, Dan Selo, Steve Singleton, Eric Sipes, Cindy Stout, Kye Tiernan, and Ben Tyron.

The authors are especially indebted to Dot McCullough for editing this manuscript. With her skill and her infinite patience she transformed a mass of field notes into a coherent and readable document. Teri Klassen and Leslie Bush also read the manuscript and added valuable comments.

Permission and cooperation were given by the following landowners: Mabel Williams and her daughter Carol Buck, Robert Bundy, Rick French and Amergete Luthra of Sentry Homes/Eclipse Development Corp., Allen W. Patterson of the Hamilton County Parks and Recreation Department, and Glenn Lange, Chief of Wildlife, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Indiana Department of Natural Resources. Gary Olsen, also of the Division of Fish and Wildlife assisted on this project as well.

Most especially, we want to thank those individuals who generously shared their time and knowledge of local archaeology: Darrel Cross, Kevin Crouch, Roger Dickinson, Dale Drake of the Morgan County Historical Society, Jon Hunsberger, Hoyt Rhorer, Mike Smith, Kevin Strunk, Curt Tomak, Tom VanDuyn, Jack Weddle, and Bill Wepler at the Indiana State Museum.

If we have neglected to mention anyone, the responsibility lies with the authors, as it does for any further errors or omissions.

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NOTICE

This project received federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, P.O. 37127, Washington DC, 20013-7127 This project has been financed in part with funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department of the Interior.

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