Consolidated Docket No. 317, Defendant Exhibits 61-171

Dft. Ex. 106

Indian Villages of the
Illinois Country

pp. 1 (Title page), 4, 5, 9, 10.

 


 

STATE OF ILLINOIS
Dwight H. Green
GOVERNOR

 

INDIAN VILLAGES

OF THE

ILLINOIS COUNTRY

 

 

VOLUME II, SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

ILLINOIS STATE MUSEUM

 

PART I, ATLAS



COMPILED BY
Sara Jones Tucker

 

 

(Ill. State Seal here in original)

 


SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS
1942


PRINTED BY THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS

 



Illinois State Museum
Vol. 2, Scientific Papers
Part 1, Atlas

Indian Villages of the Illinois Country
Page 4


from France which attempted to seek the mouth of the Mississippi River from the Gulf. He did not remain with La Salle, but returned to France aboard the Joly in 1685. Much has been written about this map. For bibliography see Lowery, Descriptive List, item 183.

Harrisse calls this map the definitive one of Minet. In making this map, which was drawn on the return journey to France (Margry, Découvertes et Etablissements, Tome 2, p. 603), Minet had access to a large map made by La Salle, now unfortunately lost, for the area of the Mississippi Valley and the Great Lakes. For the Gulf and for Florida, Minet used a Sanson-Jaillot map. Minet made alternate views of the mouth of the Mississippi River. One marked "A," delineates the mouth as La Salle's map showed it, and by raising the flap on which the "A" view is, another delineation marked "B" is seen below as Minet found the situation. Minet was of course seeing Matagora Bay rather than the mouth of the Mississippi. The "B" view cannot be seen on Plate VII. In Newberry Library in the Ayer Collection is a tracing of the original made by Margry which duplicated the flap.

 

PLATE VIII

[Bernou, Claude
  With Peronel, M.]

[1682]   

CARTE || DE L'AMERIQUE || SEPTENTRIONALE || ET PARTE || DE LA MERIDIONALE || Depuis l'embouchûre de la Riviere ST LAURENS, || jusques à l'Isle de CAYENNE, avec les nouvelles || découvertes de la Riviere MISSISSIPPI OU COLBERT.

Original:

Ms., in color 1 m. 55 cm. by 1 m. 71 cm. Paris, BDCM, Amer.
Sept. Canada # 14
(Harrisse, Notes, Item 219); Archive du Dépôt des
Cartes et Plans de la Marine Document 122-2-0 Appartient à la bibliothèque
(on map)

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 3/4

Reproduced here from a photographic copy of a colored manuscript facsimile in the collections of the Division of Maps, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.


Harrisse in Notes, item 219, comments that this map is the most beautiful map of America, that it was drawn by a French artist and that it was "compiled from the data of Hennepin or Greysolon Du L'Hut." The original map in Paris was reproduced by Gabriel Marcel in his atlas Reproduction de cartes & de globes relatifs à la découverte de l'Amérique (Paris, 1893) in plates 7 to 10. It has long been famous for its exquisite cartouche and for its color beauty.

Critical illumination has been brought to bear on it by the research of Jean Delanglez, S.J. A full report of this research will be forthcoming in a study of Father Delanglez which is in preparation. An essential summary of the conclusions reached about this map is however contained in HENNEPIN'S Description of Louisiana (Institute of Jesuit History Publications, 1941). In Section 4 of Part 4, The Anonymous Map of 1682, pages 111-120, and in Section 4 of Part 5, Geography and Nomenclature of the Sioux Country, pages 127-133, Delanglez documents his conclusions that this map was made in 1682, and that Abbé Claude Bernou not only compiled the information upon which the map was based, but also, in collaboration with M. Peronel, drafted the map which was then presented to M. de Seignelay. The Great Lakes on Plate VIII are similar to those in the Bernou Sketches (See Delanglez, Some La Salle Journeys, pp. 35-37), and the Mississippi River is based upon information which Bernou received from La Salle in his letters to him. In addition in the early part of 1682 Bernou Saw Duluth in France. Duluth had just returned from the Siouan Country. Father Delanglez' conclusions and documentation are logical and thoroughgoing. This able identification is of signal assistance in Mississippi Valley historical research.

 

PLATES IX, X

Coronelli, Marco Vincenzo

1688   

AMERICA SETTENTRIONALE || Colle Nuoue Scoperte fin all' Anno 1688 || Puusa nelle sue parti Secondo lo Stato presente, || e Descritta || dal P. Mro Coronelli M. C. || Cosmografo, della Sernis:ma Repub:ca di Venezia, || Dedicata || All' Ill.,mo et Reu.mo Monsig.r Felic Antonio Marsilÿ, || Archidiacono della Catedrale di Bologna.

Original:

Pr., on 2 sheets 23 3/4 by 18 1/8 in. Between pages 56 and 57, and,
60 and 61 Atlante Veneto Tomo I Venetia appresso Domenico
Padonani 1690

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 3/8

Reproduced here from the copy of Atlante Veneto in the Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois.


Coronelli was a Venetian Conventual friar. In 1680 he was commissioned by Cardinal d'Estrées to construct a world globe. The globe which Coronelli produced is known as the globe de Marly (Leland, Guide, p. 42). It was presented to Louis XIV by the Cardinal in 1683.

While making this globe Coronelli was in Paris on several occasions. There his friends Abbé Bernou and Abbé Renaudot made available to him all the information they had about North America in general and about La Salle's travels and discoveries in particular (Delanglez, Some La Salle Journeys, 37-38; HENNEPIN'S Description, 113-114, 131-132).

All of Coronelli's maps are based on the gores which he made for the globe of 1683. Coronelli's basic information for the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley area was drawn from the Relation Officielle of the discovery of the mouth of the Mississippi River by La Salle in 1682 (Delanglez, "La Salle's Expedition of 1682," Mid-America, Vol. XXII ns Vol. XI, No. 1, January 1940). The gores for the 1687 globe and those in the Isolario descrittione are in the Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, in Chicago.

Various editions of Atlante Veneto were published. For a recapitulation concerning editions see Phillips, Geographical Atlases, title 521.

 

PLATE XIA

Franquelin, Jean-Baptiste Louis

1688   

CARTE || DE L'AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIONALLE || depuis le 25: jusqu'au 65o deg. de latt. & environ || 140: & 235. deg. de longitude || CONTENANT || LES PAYS DE CANADA OU NOUVELLE FRANCE, || LA LOUISIANE, LA FLORIDE, VIRGINIE, NLLE. || SUEDE, NLE. YORC, NLLE. ANGLETERRE, ACA- || DIE, ISLE DE TERRE-NEUVE &C: || . . . En l'Annee 1688: || PAR || IEAN BAPTISTE LOUIS FRANQUELIN HYDROGRAPHE DU ROY || A Quebec en Canada

Original:

Ms., in color 1 m. 60 cm. by 1 m. 05 cm. Paris, BN, B 4040-6 bis

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 5/8

Reproduced here from a photostatic copy of the original in the collections of the Division of Maps, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.


This title is exceedingly long and has not been reproduced completely. The biographical information which follows was freely drawn from Some La Salle Journeys, pp. 29-32, by Father Jean Delanglez, S.J. Jean-Baptiste Louis Franquelin was appointed Royal Hydrographer in Canada in 1686 (AC, C 11A, 9:159v). He had come to Canada in 1670 or 1670 and being one of the few men who could draw maps did work for both Frontenac and Duchesneau for many years before his official appointment. Among other trips to France, in 1684 and 1688 Franquelin was sent to take home maps which he had drawn. While in France in 1684 he was assigned as draughtsman to La Salle. In 1692 he went to France intending to settle his family there and return to Canada alone. The shipwreck of his family upset his plans. In 1697 Louis Jolliet was appointed as maître d'hydrographie in Canada, in which office he served until his death sometime in 1700. After Jolliet's death Franquelin was again appointed but he did not return to Canada (See Delanglez, Cartography of the Mississippi Valley, 1673-1703).

Franquelin is perhaps more famous for his map of 1684 than for that of 1688. The former map is now lost, unfortunately, and only a tracing is available. Franquelin, like Minet, had access to La Salle's map, on which the map of 1684 is based, and had contacts with La Salle. The 1688 map is basically a variant of the 1684 map with some alterations. In a few respects the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley area are more accurate. The

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Illinois State Museum
Vol. 2, Scientific Papers
Part 1, Atlas

Indian Villages of the Illinois Country
Page 5


extreme distortion of the Mississippi River, debouching into the Gulf from the coast of Texas, is characteristic of the Franquelin maps, and the same distortion is seen on the Minet Map.

PLATE XI B

Franquelin, Jean-Baptiste Louis 

1688   

 For title and bibliographical notes see Plate XI A


This fragment is taken from the Franquelin Map of 1688 and shows in greater magnification the area of the Illinois Country than does Plate XI-A. A similar fragment showing the La Salle Colony from the Franquelin Map of 1684 was reproduced by Francis Parkman in 1869 in his La Salle and The Discovery of The Great West.

(The remainder of this page does not pertain to maps contained in the original of this Def. Ex.. Further, it is incomplete.)

5   

 



Illinois State Museum
Vol. 2, Scientific Papers
Part 1, Atlas

Indian Villages of the Illinois Country
Page 9

 

PLATE XXVI

Hutchins, Thomas

[1771]   

A PLAN || of the several Villages in the || ILLINOIS COUNTRY, || with Part
of the
|| River Mississippi &c. || by || Thos. Hutchins.

Original:


Pr. 7 1/4 by 5 in. A Topographical Description of Virginia,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina, Comprehending The Rivers Ohio,
Kenhawa, Sioto, Cherokee, Wabash, Illinois, Mississippi, &c. . . .

by Thomas Hutchins London J. Almon 1778 Facing page 41

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 1/4

Reproduced here from the copy of A Topographical Description in the Rare Book Room, University of Chicago Library, Chicago, Illinois.


This map shows the area later known as the American Bottom as it appeared in 1771 (Hutchins, A Topographical Description, p. 40). Hutchins says that in the communities delineated that there were in the year 1771 a population of 1273 sencible men. On the east side of the Mississippi he lists 300 French and 230 Negroes. On the west side at St. Genevieve there were 208 French, 30 Negroes; at St. Louis 415 French and 40 Negroes (ibid., p. 40).

 

PLATE XXVII

________________________

[circa 1770]   

CARTE || de l'Etablissement de sa Majesté Catholique a l'Embouchure || de la riviere du Missoury.

Original:

Ms. 50.4 by 71.8 cm. Madrid, B Nac., Belle Artes 19-1a-III

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 6/13

Reproduced here from a photographic copy of the original in the Karpinski Collection, in the Ayer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois.


This map does not show either a date or an author. In the opinion of the compiler it pertains to a period not earlier than 1768, and not much beyond 1770. Louisiana was ceded to the Spanish by a secret treaty at Fontainebleau on December 3, 1762. The official announcement of this transfer was not made known to M. d'Abbadie until April 21, 1764. A further delay in Spain's taking over the area ensued. On March 5, 1766 De Ulloa, the first Spanish governor, arrived in Louisiana (Houck, History of Missouri, Vol. I, pp. 287-288).

In March of 1767 Ulloa sent an expedition up the Mississippi River under the command of Captain Don Francesco Rui y Morales, to build a strong fort on the north side of the Missouri River at its mouth to be known as Carlos Tercero el Rey, and another less strong to be on the south bank and to be known as El Principe de Asturias, Señor Don Carlos. It was found that the river overflow made it necessary to build the strong fort, Figure A of Plate XXVII, on the south bank, and to erect only a block house on the north bank, Figure B of Plate XXVII. These forts were completed apparently sometime in 1768 (Houck, ibid., 288-295).

In the first years of its existence St. Louis was also known as Paincourt, Figure C. Figure D, the French Village at Cahokia, seems to be placed much too far north. It suggests that this map may not have been made in the field.

 

PLATE XXVIII

Collot, Gen. George H. V.

1826   

 MAP || of the Country || OF THE || ILLINOIS.

Original:

Pr. 35.7 by 58.5 cm. Plate 28 Collot, A Journey in North America
Arthus Bertrand, Paris, 1826

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 1/3

Reproduced here from a copy in the collections of the Illinois Historical Survey, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.

"This work was printed both in French and English, but not published, at the time of General Collot's death, which happened in 1805 . . . . . . The journey was undertaken in 1796, at the request of Adet, minister from France to the United States, for the purpose of obtaining 'a minute detail of the political, commercial and military state of the western part of the continent.' . . . The maps and plates are beautifully engraved by Tardieu. A few copies were printed on large vellum paper.- Rich" (Sabin, Joseph, Dictionary of Books Relating to America, Vol. 4, p. 251).

While the publication date of these maps is 1826 they refer to a much earlier period, that of 1796.

 

PLATE XXIX

Hutchins, Thomas

1778   

A || NEW MAP || of the Western Parts of || VIRGINIA, PENNSYLVANIA, || MARYLAND, and NORTH CAROLINA; || Comprehending the RIVER OHIO, and all the Rivers, which fall into it; || Part of the RIVER MISSISSIPPI, the Whole of the || ILLINOIS RIVER, || LAKE ERIE; Part of the LAKES HURON, || MICHIGAN &c. || And all the COUNTRY bordering on these|| LAKES and RIVERS. || By Thos. Hutchins. || Captain in the 60 Regiment of Foot. || London. Published according to Act of Parliament Novembr Ye. 1st. 1778 by T. Hutchins. [below bottom margin] Engraved by T. [or I.?] Cheevers.

Original:

Pr. 36 3/4 by 44 in. Washington, WD, Ch. E, U.S. No. 6

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 7/12

Reproduced here from the copy in The National Archives, Washington, D. C.


This map was published in London by Thomas Hutchins on November 1, 1778 and it accompanied a volume entitled in part, A Topographical Description of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina (Sold by J. Almon, London, 1778). In the preface of that volume, on pages i to ii, Hutchins has the following to say about this map.

"Those parts of the country lying westward of the Allegheny mountain, and upon the rivers Ohio and Mississippi, and upon most of the other rivers; and the lakes laid down in my Map) were done from my own Surveys, and corrected by my own Observations of latitudes, made at different periods preceding, and during all the campaigns of the last war (in several of which I acted as an Engineer) and since in many reconnoitering tours, which I made through various parts of the country, between the years 1764 and 1775.

"I have compared my own Observations, and Surveys, respecting the Lakes, with those made by Captain Brehm, of the 60th Regiment of Foot (who was for many years employed as an Engineer in North America) and I find, that they correspond with more exactness than Surveys usually do, which are made by different persons, at different times;- and I am happy in this opportunity, of expressing my obligations to this Gentleman, for the cheerfulness with which he furnished me with his Surveys and Remarks."

(See also Hicks, Frederick Charles, Thomas Hutchins- A Topographical Description of Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and North Carolina, Burrows, Cleveland, 1904, pp. 71-72.)

Thomas Hutchins was born in this country in New Jersey in 1730. While quite young his parents died and Hutchins sought his fortune in the Western Country (Hicks, ibid., p. 9). It is not known just when he began his military career but in 1757 he received a commission as Lieutenant in a Pennsylvania regiment and in 1758 became quartermaster in Colonel Hugh Mercer's battalion (Hicks, ibid., p. 10). Later in the same year this battalion garrisoned the deserted Fort Duquesne, which was soon renamed Fort Pitt. Lieutenant Hutchins soon entered the regular British service. His name appears on the official British army lists for the years 1763 and 1764 as an ensign of the 60th or Royal American Regiment of Foot under the command of Sir Jeffrey Amherst (Hicks, ibid., p. 11).

Hutchins advanced in the service, was stationed in various posts on the frontier and gained the reputation of being a fine officer with marked talent in surveying and engineering. He received the commission of Captain in 1775 (Hicks, ibid., p. 21).

At the outbreak of the Revolution Hutchins was in London. Rather than take up arms against his countrymen he resigned his commission. Meanwhile he suffered a prison term in Clerkenwell prison (Hicks, ibid., p. 23). Eventually Hutchins left England, reached this country and was soon a member of the southern army under General Green. By an Act of Congress of May 4, 1781 Thomas Hutchins was appointed geographer of

9   

 



Illinois State Museum
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Part 1, Atlas

Indian Villages of the Illinois Country
Page 10


the southern army and by another Act of July 11, 1781, was commissioned as geographer of the United States, as was also Simon De Witt, geographer of the main army (Hicks, ibid., pp. 26-28).

(The remainder of this page does not pertain to maps contained in the original of this Def. Ex.. Further, it is incomplete.)

 

PLATE XXX

Collot, Gen. George H. V.

1826   

MAP || of the Course || OF THE || MISSISSIPPI || from the Missouri and the Country || of the Illinois || to the mouth of this River

Original:

Pr. 86.7 by 22.8 cm. Plate 25 Collot, A Journey in North America
Arthus Bertrand, Paris, 1826

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 6/13

Reproduced here from a copy in the Collections of the Illinois Historical Survey, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois.

See Notes, Plate XXVIII.

 

PLATE XXXI

[Clark, William]

[1805]   

A MAP || of part of the Continent of || North America || Between the 35th and 51st degrees of North || Latitude, and extending from 80o Degrees of || West Longitude to the Pacific Ocean. || Compiled from the Authorities of the best || informed travelers, by M. Lewis. || Note. The Missouri River from Fort Mandan || in Lat 47o 21' 47'' N, and in Long 101o West from || the Meridian of Greenwich, is corrected by || celestial observations. The Country || West of Fort Mandan is laid down || principally from Indian inform- || -ation. || Copied by Nicholas King, 1806.

Original:

Ms. 32 1/4 by 44 1/2 in. Washington, WD, Ch. E, U.S. No. 51

Scale ratio:

Reduction of approx. 1/3

Reproduced here from the original in The National Archives, Washington, D. C.

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